Coronary Bypass Surgery
Preoperative Explanation：After local anesthetic injection at wrist or femoral, cardiac catheterization is placed following the vessels to the opening of cardiac coronary artery. Then contrast medium is injection under radioscopy.
Anesthesia：Local anesthesia (wrist or femoral area)
Operation Time：Coronary angiography: Approximately 30 minutes
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): Approximately 1 ~ 2 hours, depending on lesion number and complexness.
3 ~ 4 days
Recovery Time：2 ~ 3 days
Risks/Complications/Side Effects：Death rate: 0.1 %
Cerebrovascular accident: 0.07%
Vascular complications: 0.43%
Contrast Media-induced nephropathy
Pay attention to the blood vessels at injection area for hematoma. Check for chest pain or other discomfort.
Coronary Stent Placement
Preoperative Explanation：
Place the stent following the catheter previously implanted, and inflate the balloon at the lesion area to locate the stent placement. Then retrieve the balloon and catheter after stent graft is completed.
Anesthesia：Local anesthesia (wrist or femoral area)
Operation Time：Approximately 1 ~ 3 hours, depending on lesion number and complexness.
Hospitalization：3 ~ 4 days
Recovery Time：2 ~ 3 days
Risks/Complications/Side Effects：Myocardial infarction: 1~2%
Death rate: 0.5%
Emergent CABG: 0.5%
Contrast Media-induced nephropathy
1. Detect for stable vital sign
2. Check for chest pain.
3. Pay attention to injection area for hematoma.
Pacemaker Implantation
Preoperative Explanation：
After local anesthesia on left or right subclavicular area, the electrode lead is inserted and passed along the vein, through the valve of the heart, until positioned in the chamber. The pacemaker is implanted and the incisions are sutured back together.
Anesthesia：Local anesthesia (left or right subclavicular area, the wound is about 4 ~ 5 cm)
Operation Time：Approximately 1.5 ~ 2.5 hours, depending on individual anatomical structure difference
Hospitalization：3 ~ 4 days
Recovery Time：1 week
Risks/Complications/Side Effects：Pacemaker implantation is a relatively simple and safe surgery. The occasional complications include pneumothorax, hematoma, infection and wire detachment.
Post Operative Care：Pay attention to redness, swelling, pain, inflammation or infection of the wound.
Do not overuse the operated side of arm after operation.
Regular pacemaker tracking on function setting or battery electricity.
